The solar photovoltaic sector is moving forward very fast, both in terms of its own technological advancement and its standing among global renewable energy technologies. Rapid increases in solar cell efficiencies, fast technical change in solar batteries and solar glass, and economies of scale in production fuel its rapid adoption and it is becoming clear that existing forecasts about its adoption need to be updated extensively. This timely and distinctive examination of the economic side of the field takes into account solar PV's recent and growing lead among renewable energies competing to replace fossil fuels. The Revolution in Energy Technology examines the birth of this technology in the United States, where the main innovators are still located, the emergence of China as a main production hub, and new and growing contributions to the innovation cascades from other countries including Germany, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. The participation of universities as investors and the role of venture capital are discussed, and particular emphasis is given to the domination of the sector by large firms. The book is interesting for both academics and graduate students as well as policy makers, technicians, engineers and companies involved in the field.

Following the demise of the Washington Consensus, developing countries are looking for new ideas to guide their development. This innovative book suggests taking seriously some of the findings of evolutionary economics and paying specific attention to the institutions that matter for economic development, particularly those related to science, technology and innovation. The author highlights how the institutional framework that will allow countries to grow should include universities, government laboratories and policy incentives for human capital and business research and development. He argues that there are no simple policies and no 'one-size-fits-all' solutions, and that the majority of developing countries have not yet found the right combinations of institutions. The book suggests that building successful national and regional innovation systems requires at least one generation of continuous effort, significant trial and error, and a thorough knowledge of the experiences of the OECD countries that built those institutions in the past. It moves on to demonstrate how certain countries such as Canada, Finland and Singapore have succeeded in catching-up and how several others, for example Argentina, Egypt, Mexico and the Philippines, have failed. It then pinpoints the main industrial, science, technology and innovation policies required by developing countries to achieve their goals. This unique and timely book will appeal to postgraduate students of international economics, international business and development economics, as well as students of science, technology and society.

Following the demise of the Washington Consensus, developing countries are looking for new ideas to guide their development. This innovative book suggests taking seriously some of the findings of evolutionary economics and paying specific attention to the institutions that matter for economic development, particularly those related to science, technology and innovation. The author highlights how the institutional framework that will allow countries to grow should include universities, government laboratories and policy incentives for human capital and business research and development. He argues that there are no simple policies and no 'one-size-fits-all' solutions, and that the majority of developing countries have not yet found the right combinations of institutions. The book suggests that building successful national and regional innovation systems requires at least one generation of continuous effort, significant trial and error, and a thorough knowledge of the experiences of the OECD countries that built those institutions in the past. It moves on to demonstrate how certain countries such as Canada, Finland and Singapore have succeeded in catching-up and how several others, for example Argentina, Egypt, Mexico and the Philippines, have failed. It then pinpoints the main industrial, science, technology and innovation policies required by developing countries to achieve their goals. This unique and timely book will appeal to postgraduate students of international economics, international business and development economics, as well as students of science, technology and society.

First published in 1995. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

`Biotechnology' - the integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology, and chemical engineering for the technological application of the capabilities of microbes and cultured tissue cells - is quickly becoming pervasive and challenging, rapidly developing both new techniques and industries. The Economic and Social Dynamics of Biotechnology - a joint project between Statistics Canada, the Program of Research on Innovation, Management and Economy (PRIME) at the University of Ottawa, and CIRANO at the University of Quebec in Montreal - brings together economic, social, and statistical views on the dynamics of this set of emerging technologies. It examines the costs as well as the benefits - the challenges as well as the choices - of the rapidly expanding science-based world of biodiversity, biopharmaceuticals, and bioinformatics, and it provides suggestions for future work and research. This project fits into an ongoing research program at Statistics Canada to develop meaningful indicators for science, technology, and innovation in a technology-intensive economy. This book tells the story of the inner workings of innovation systems, technological systems, and competence blocs in the production, use, and diffusion of knowledge.

Biotechnology' - the integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology, and chemical engineering for the technological application of the capabilities of microbes and cultured tissue cells - is quickly becoming pervasive and challenging, rapidly developing both new techniques and industries. The Economic and Social Dynamics of Biotechnology - a joint project between Statistics Canada, the Program of Research on Innovation, Management and Economy (PRIME) at the University of Ottawa, and CIRANO at the University of Quebec in Montreal - brings together economic, social, and statistical views on the dynamics of this set of emerging technologies. It examines the costs as well as the benefits - the challenges as well as the choices - of the rapidly expanding science-based world of biodiversity, biopharmaceuticals, and bioinformatics, and it provides suggestions for future work and research. This project fits into an ongoing research program at Statistics Canada to develop meaningful indicators for science, technology, and innovation in a technology-intensive economy. This book tells the story of the inner workings of innovation systems, technological systems, and competence blocs in the production, use, and diffusion of knowledge.

Innovation is a systemic phenomenon in which institutions, such as firms, government entities and public policy incentives, interact in complex ways. Targeting specific sectors of an economy in order to improve the competitiveness and capabilities of domestic firms, interventionist innovation policies can result in the structural transformation of host economies. Numerous examples exist of such policies working successfully in emerging economies and they can be applied to any economic sector, although they are commonly associated with highly innovative industries such ICT, biotechnology and nanotechnology. Innovation Systems, Policy and Management describes how institutions and markets can best be structured in order to promote innovation in key economic sectors. Bringing together some of the leading figures in industrial policy and the economics of innovation and entrepreneurship, this book encourages the reader to think in terms of systems and business dynamics when analysing innovation behaviour, providing an approach useful to policy makers, business leaders and scholars of evolutionary economics.

"It is refreshing to come upon a book that discounts the theory of the American control of Canada."--"Financial Post""The challenge accepted was a particularly difficult one. The results obtained are remarkable."--"La Presse""Niosi has broken new and important ground."--"R.T. Naylor"

Two prominent economists examine the decline of U.S. industry, covering the post-World War period to the Reagan era. "A convenient summary of a vast amount of research.... packed with facts and figures."--"The Village Voice""Bellon and Niosi provide a better-argued, academic analysis."--"Libertarian Labour Review"

The first part of the collection reassesses and elaborates on Nobel Prize winner Wassily Leontief's input-output model and makes use of Michael V. Posner's technology gap trade theory to examine international trade and import-export factor intensity. The contributors clearly isolate technology as a crucial factor in the foreign commerce of Canada, the US, and other industrial nations. The second part provides the theoretical background, revealing the importance of the industrialized state's ability to affect international trade by implementing technology policy. The third part analyses the role of government strategy in the development of technology in less industrialized nations faced with a fluctuating world economy and rapid technological change. The fourth part re-evaluates Shumpeterian theory, addressing the market determinants of technological change such as market structure, corporate strategy, and the size of corporations. The contributors to this volume are Bernard Bonin, Francois Chesnais, Lester A. Davis, Christian DeBresson, Giovanni Dosi, Faye Duchin, Philippe Faucher, K.E. Hamilton, Thomas Hatzichronoglou, Lynn Krieger Mytelka, Jorge Niosi, Jacques Perrin, and Luc Soete.